5.2. Simple if Statements

Compile and run this example program, Suitcase.cs. Try it at least twice, with inputs: 30 and then 55. As you an see, you get an extra result, depending on the input. The main code is:

      Console.Write ( "How many pounds does your suitcase weigh? ");
      double weight = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
      if (weight > 50) {
           Console.WriteLine("There is a $25 charge for luggage that heavy.");
      }
      Console.WriteLine("Thank you for your business.");

The lines labeled 3-5 are an if statement. It reads pretty much like English. If it is true that the weight is greater than 50, then print the statement about an extra charge. If it is not true that the weight is greater than 50, then skip the part right after the condition about printing the extra luggage charge. In any event, when you have finished with the if statement (whether it actually does anything or not), go on to the next statement. In this case that is the statement printing “Thank you”. An if statement only breaks the normal sequential order inside the if` statement itself.

The general C# syntax for a simple if statement is

if ( condition )

statement

Often you want multiple statements executed when the condition is true. We have used braces before. We have not said what they do technically, syntactically: braces around a group of statements technically makes a single compound statement. So the pattern commonly written is:

if ( condition ) {

one or more statements

}

If the condition is true, then do the statement(s) in braces. If the condition is not true, then skip the statements in braces. The indentation pattern is also illustrated. Recall the compiler does not care about the amount of whitespace, but humans do. In general indent the statements inside a compound statement. We will see later that there is good reason to use this format with braces even if there is just one statement inside the braces.

Another fragment as an example:

if (balance < 0) {
    transfer = -balance;
    // transfer enough from the backup account:
    backupAccount = backupAccount - transfer;
    balance = balance + transfer;
}

The assumption in the example above is that if an account goes negative, it is brought back to 0 by transferring money from a backup account in several steps.

In the examples above the choice is between doing something (if the condition is true) or nothing (if the condition is false). Often there is a choice of two possibilities, only one of which will be done, depending on the truth of a condition....